Bacterias nosocomiales emergentes: Infección endovascular por Elizabethkingia meningoseptica / Emerging nosocomial bacteria: Endovascular infection by Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica es un bacilo gram negativo no fermentador, no móvil, y oxidasa positivo, ampliamente distribuido en la naturaleza pero poco frecuente en humanos, en quienes se considera un patógeno oportunista, actualmente denominado emergente. En el ambiente hospitalario se ha encontrado en superficies húmedas y en equipos médicos, soluciones que habitualmente se utilizan de forma intravenosa, y en medicamentos de reconstitución. Puede causar infección en personas inmunocomprometidas o con enfermedades debilitantes concomitantes. Además, posee enzimas de resistencia frente a los antibióticos prescritos usualmente contra las bacterias gram negativas. Se presenta un caso de bacteriemia por E. meningoseptica en un paciente con antecedente de enfermedad renal crónica, quien recibía tratamiento hemodíalítico 3 veces por semana, desde hace 2 años, al ingreso se documentó infección del sitio de inserción del catéter venoso central, y posteriormente se aisló en los hemocultivos periféricos el crecimiento de la bacteria E. meningoseptica, el paciente cumplió tratamiento con trimetroprim-sulfametoxazol por 14 días con adecuada evolución clínica, sin complicaciones...(AU)

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a non fermenter bacilli gram negative, non-mobile, and positive oxidase, widely distributed in nature but rare in humans, in whom it is considered an opportunistic pathogen, now called emerging. In the hospital environment it was found on wet surfaces and medical equipment, solutions usually used intravenously, and drug reconstitution. It can cause infection in immunocompromised or with concomitant debilitating diseases people. It also has resistance to enzymes usually prescribed antibiotics against gram negative bacteria. A case of bacteremia is presented by E. meningoseptica in a patient with a history of chronic kidney disease, who received hemodialysis 3 times a week, for 2 years, entry site infection insertion of central venous catheter was documented and later was isolated from peripheral blood cultures the growth of bacteria E. meningoseptica, the patient completed treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 14 days with adequate clinical course without complications...(AU)

Antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract of leaf neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes es un patógeno causante de enfermedades alimentarias. En la búsqueda de controlar su propagación utilizando sustancias naturales se planteó el objetivo de mostrar si el extracto etanólico foliar de neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss.) tiene efecto antimicrobiano sobre L. monocytogenes ICTA-12446. El extracto se obtuvo a partir de hojas de neem sometidas a secado por 8 días, se redujeron de tamaño mecánicamente, se sometieron a maceración en frío por 3 días usando etanol 96% en recipientes ámbar, se filtró y concentró en rota evaporador. Se estandarizó el concentrado con dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) a una concentración de 60 mg/L. Listeria monocytogenes ICTA-12446, fue inoculado en caldo nutriente junto con soluciones del extracto a diferentes concentraciones (20, 30, 40, 50 y 60 mg/L), se emplearon tiempos de contacto (2.5, 5, 10 y 15 minutos). Cumplido cada tiempo se realizaron diluciones seriadas e inocularon en agar nutritivo por extensión durante 24 h a 37ºC. Se efectuó el recuento en Unidades Formadoras de Colonias UFC. Al comparar las concentraciones del extracto se evidencia entre 20 y 60 mg/mL diferencia significativa, mientras que en 30, 40 y 50 mg/mL un comportamiento similar. Al contrastar tiempos de contacto, se observa que entre el tiempo 2.5 min y los restantes un p=0,03. El tiempo mínimo donde existió inhibición fue 2.5 minutos, y concentración mínima inhibitoria de 20 mg/mL. Los cuatro tiempos de contacto arrojan porcentajes de inhibición microbiana de 100% al emplear 60mg/mL. Se concluye que el extracto etanólico foliar de neem posee un efecto inhibitorio sobre Listeria monocytogenes(AU)

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen causing foodborne illness. In seeking to control its spread using natural substances in order to show if the leaf ethanol extract of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) has antimicrobial effect on L. monocytogenes ICTA-12446, was proposed. The extract was obtained from neem leaves, which was subjected to drying for 8 days. It was reduced in size mechanically, and subjected to cold soak for 3 days, using 96% ethanol in amber vessels, filtered and concentrated in rot evaporator. Concentrated was solubilized with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and standarized to achieve a concentration of 60 mg/mL Listeria monocytogenes was inoculated in nutrient broth with extract solutions at different concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60mg/mL), four contact times (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 minutes) were used. Completed each time it was diluted and inoculated on nutrient agar by extension for 24h at 37ºC. The count of Colony Forming Units UFC was taking. Comparing the concentrations of the extract between 20 and 60mg /mL significant difference was appreciate, while 30, 40 and 50 mg/mL show a similar behavior. Contrasting contact times observed between time 2.5 min and the remaining p = 0.03. The minimum time where there was some kind of inhibition was 2.5 minutes, and minima inhibitory concentration of 20mg/mL. The four contact times yield microbial inhibition percentages of 100% by using 60mg/L. It is concluded that ethanol extract of neem leaf has an inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes(AU)

Bastonetes Gram-negativos aeróbios e anaeróbios facultativos no fluido ruminal de bovinos de corte alimentados em pastagem lignificada e em novilhos com acidose ruminal / Aerobes and anaerobe facultative Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria in the ruminal fluid of beef cattle fed lignified pasture and steers with ruminal acidosis

Objetivou-se analisar a população de bastonetes Gram negativos aeróbios e anaeróbios facultativas no suco ruminal bovinos zebuínos de diferentes categorias, alimentados em pastagem tropical, e de novilhos alimentados com alto teor de grão e sem volumosos. Foram coletados fluido ruminal de 32 vacas, 50 novilhos e 50 bezerros alimentadas em pastagem de Brachiaria spp. e de 20 novilhos com acidose ruminal. Após diluições decimais, amostras foram inoculadas em placas contendo ágar MacConkey a 39°C. Para a identificação dos gêneros mais frequentes foram utilizadas provas bioquímicas. A concentração dessas bactérias não diferiu no ambiente ruminal de vacas, novilhos e bezerros de corte alimentados com pastagem tropical lignificada. Os gêneros mais frequentemente identificados para esses animais foram Escherichia, Enterobacter e Klebsiella. Novilhos alimentados sem volumoso e com acidose apresentaram maior taxa de detecção e maior população dessas bactérias no ambiente ruminal (>6 log/ml) quando comparados aos novilhos alimentados somente em pastagem. A espécie Escherichia coli foi predominante entre as bactérias isoladas do fluido ruminal de novilhos alimentados com dieta com alta concentração de grãos e com acidose (p<0,01). Constatou-se que em bovinos de corte, criados em pastagem tropical lignificada, a população desses microrganismos é baixa no ambiente ruminal e com maior diversidade de gêneros bacterianos. Entretanto em novilhos confinados e alimentos sem volumoso, apresentando acidose ruminal subaguda, ocorre desequilíbrio populacional com aumento da população de E. coli...

This study aimed to analyze the population of Gram negative bacteria, rod-shaped aerobic and facultative anaerobes, in ruminal fluid of health Zebu cattle of different categories fed in tropical pasture and steers fed high levels of grain and without bulky. Rumen fluid from 32 cows, 50 steers and 50 calves fed on Brachiaria spp. and 20 steers with ruminal acidosis were collected. After decimal dilutions, the samples were inoculated on petri dishes with agar MacConkey at 39°C. Biochemical tests were used to identify the most common genera these bacteria. The concentration of these bacteria did not differ in the rumen of cows, calves and calves fed lignified tropical pasture and the most frequently identified genera for these animals were Escherichia, Enterobacter and Klebsiella. However, steers fed without forage and with acidosis showed a higher detection rate and larger population of these bacteria in the rumen (>6 log/ml) compared to steers fed only pasture. The Escherichia coli species was predominant among theses bacteria isolated from the rumen fluid of steers with acidosis (p<0.01). In beef zebu cattle raised on pasture lignified, the population of these microorganisms in the rumen is low showing greater diversity of genera. However in confined zebu steers fed without forage and with sub acute ruminal acidosis occur disequilibrium with increased E. coli population...

Increased levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease in humans: an in vivo study

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the role of periodontal disease in the development of stroke or cerebral infarction in patients by evaluating the clinical periodontal conditions and the subgingival levels of periodontopathogens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients with ischemic (I-CVA) or hemorrhagic (H-CVA) cerebrovascular episodes (test group) and 60 systemically healthy patients (control group) were evaluated for: probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and plaque index. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were both identified and quantified in subgingival plaque samples by conventional and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS: The test group showed a significant increase in each of the following parameters: pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, plaque index and number of missing teeth when compared to control values (p<0.05, unpaired t-test). Likewise, the test group had increased numbers of sites that were contaminated with P. gingivalis (60 percentx10 percent; p<0.001; chi-squared test) and displayed greater prevalence of periodontal disease, with an odds ratio of 48.06 (95 percent CI: 5.96-387.72; p<0.001). Notably, a positive correlation between probing depth and the levels of P. gingivalis in ischemic stroke was found (r=0.60; p=0.03; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test). A. actinomycetemcomitans DNA was not detected in any of the groups by conventional or real-time PCR. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke patients had deeper pockets, more severe attachment loss, increased bleeding on probing, increased plaque indexes, and in their pockets harbored increased levels of P. gingivalis. These findings suggest that periodontal disease is a risk factor for the development of cerebral hemorrhage or infarction. Early treatment of periodontitis may counteract the development of cerebrovascular episodes.

Infección por bacilos gram-negativos no fermentadores: Problemática en las unidades de cuidados intensivos / Infection caused by the nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli. Problematic in the intensive cares units

Las infecciones por bacilos gram-negativos no fermentadores han cobrado notoria importancia por su incidencia en las infecciones hospitalarias. Actualmente, se destaca el hallazgo de especies como la Pseudomonas aeruginosa y el Acinetobacter spp.; de este último, el Acinetobacter baumannii es la especie que con mayor frecuencia se asocia a infecciones graves y a la muerte. El aislamiento de estos patógenos se asocia a un incremento de la mortalidad y están entre los agentes que más frecuentemente causan infecciones en las Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, de ahí que constituyan desafíos terapéuticos. En el presente artículo, se realiza una revisión actualizada de la literatura y se hace énfasis en la problemática de la resistencia bacteriana y la terapéutica antibiótica(AU)

Infections caused by the nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli have charged notorious importance for their incidence in the hospital infections. At the moment it stands out the discovery of species like the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Acinetobacter spp.; Acinetobacter baumannii is the species that associates to severe infections and the death with more frequency. The isolation of these pathogens associates to an increment of the mortality. These pathogens are among the agents that more frequently cause infections in the Intensive Cares Units, they constitute therapeutic challenges. Presently article is made a modernized revision of the literature and emphasis is made in the problem of the bacterial resistance and the antibiotic therapy(AU)

Microbial Profile of Wound Infections in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Background: This study set out to investigate the aerobic and facultative anaerobic microbial profile of wound infections in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Methods: A total of 202 wound swabs samples were randomly collected from both in and out-patients presenting at the facility. One hundred and thirteen(55.9) of the samples were collected from males while 89(44.6) were from females. The age of the patients ranged from 32 days to 80 years. Samples were processed following standard operating protocols in the microbiology laboratory. Results: Of the 202 samples examined; 164(81.2) had microbial isolates while 38(18.8) yielded no growth. Among the 164 samples with positive microbial growth; 124(75.6) had single isolates while 40(24.4) had polymicrobial growth. Of the 113 males studied; 90(79.7) had microbial growth while 23(20.4) had no growth. Similarly; of the 89 females studied; 74(83.2) had microbial growth while 15(16.9) had no growth. Furthermore; the total microbial isolates from the study was 206. Gram-negative bacterial organisms accounted for 124(60.1) as against 82(39.9) from the Gram-positive's (p

Achados bacterianos encontrados na secreção da otite média cronica: estudo comparativo entre o colesteatoma (OMCC) e a otite média cronica simples (OMCS) / Bacterial findings found in the chronic otitis media secretion: comparative study between cholesteatoma (OMCC) and simple chronic otitis media (SCOM)

Introdução: Foi feita uma comparação na frequencia com que os patogenos infectantes foram detectados na supuração causada pelo colesteatoma e pela otite crônica simples no período de 2006 a 2008. Objetivo: Fazer um estudo comparativo entre os achados bacterianos encontrados na secreção da otite crônica simples e a colesteatomatosa. Método: Foram estudados a bacterioscopia de 83 pacientes (125 orelhas) portadores de otite média crônica, sendo 43 (52 orelhas) com colesteatoma e 40 (73 orelhas) com otite crônica simples, com predominância de idade dos 16 aos 20 anos. A duração da otorreia variou entre 2 meses e 10 anos. Para a colheita do material utilizamos um equipamento bastante pratico com caldo de tioglicolato dentro e fora enviados ao laboratório por um período máximo de até 18 horas. Resultados: O S. aureus foi mais frequente na otite crônica simples, enquanto que os anaeróbios foram mais frequentes no colesteatoma. A P. aeruginosa foi mais frequente na otite crônica simples e o Corynebacterium sp. apresentou maior frequencia no colesteatoma. o S. epidermidis apareceu com frequencias iguais em ambas as doenças otológicas. Conclusão: Não encontramos mudanças notáveis na bacteriologia dessas duas doenças. Na otite crônica simples os achados mais frequentes foram S. aureus, Pseudomonas sp. e fungos. No colesteatoma os achados mais frequentes foram os Anaeróbios e o Corynibacterium sp. A frequencia de aparecimento para S. epidermidis, Klebisiela sp. e Streptococcus sp. foi igual em nosso estudo.

Introduction: This study carried out a comparison in the frequency with which the infecting pathogens were detected in the suppuration caused by cholesteatoma and simple chronic otitis media in the period from 2006 to 2008. Objective: To carry out a comparative study between the bacterial findings found in the simple and cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media secretion. Method: We studied the bacterioscopy of 83 patients (125 ears) with chronic otitis media, 43 (52 ears) with cholesteatoma and 40 (73 ears) with simple chronic otitis, and age prevalence from 16 to 20 years. The duration of otorrhea ranged between 2 months and 10 years. For collection of the material we used very practical instrument with tioglicolate broth inside and outside sent to the laboratory for a maximum period of until 18 hours. Results: The S. aureus was more frequent in the simple chronic otitis, and the anaerobic were more frequent in the cholesteatoma. The P. aeruginosa was more frequent in the simple chronic otitis and the Corynebacterium sp. presented a higher frequency in cholesteatoma. The S. epidermidis appeared with the same frequencies in both otologic diseases. Conclusion: We did not find any critical changes in the bacteriology of either disease. In the simple chronic otitis, the most frequent findings were S. aureus, Pseudomonas sp. and fungi. In the cholesteatoma, the most frequent findings were the Anaerobios and Corynibacterium sp. The frequency of S. epidermidis, Klebisiela sp. and Streptococcus sp. was the same in our study.

Suceptibilidad antimicrobiana de bacilos gramnegativos anaerobios facultativos oxidasa positiva / Susceptibility antimicrobial of bacilli gram negative facultative anaerobes positive oxidase

El carácter autolimitado de las infecciones entéricas provocadas por los bacilos gramnegativos anaerobios facultativos oxidasa positiva reserva la terapia antimicrobiana para los casos de disentería severa, enfermedad parecida al cólera o en las diarreas prolongadas, para los pacientes inmunocomprometidos con enfermedades subyacentes y ante una evidencia de infección extraintestinal. En esta investigación se estudió la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de 89 cepas de bacilos gramnegativos anaerobios facultativos oxidasa positiva aislados de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda enviados al Laboratorio Nacional de Referencias de Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri aislados de heces de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda, frente a 23 antimicrobianos utilizando el método de Bauer-kirby con el fin de conocer en nuestro país la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de estos microorganismos. El estudio de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana mostró elevados porcentajes de resistencia de Aeromonas spp. frente a la cefazolina, cafalotina y cefalexina, la mayoría de las cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-01 y Plesiomonas shigelloides fueron resistentes al trimetoprim sulfametoxazol y cefazolina, respectivamente. Mientras que, la resistencia a la ampicilina fue común para los tres géneros. No se observaron cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-01 multirresistentes. Los resultados obtenidos señalan la importancia de implementar una continua y sistemática vigilancia microbiológica de estos agentes

The self limit character of the enteric infections caused by the gramnegative bacilli anaerobes medical oxidasa positive reservation the therapy antimicrobiana for the cases of severe dysentery, similar illness to the cholera or in the lingering diarrhoeas, for the patient inmunocomprometidos with underlying illnesses and before an evidence of infection extraintestinal. In this investigation the susceptibility antimicrobiana of 89 stumps of bacilli gramnegativos isolated anaerobes medical positive oxidasa was studied of patient with illness diarrheic sharp correspondents to the National Laboratory of References of Illness Sharp Diarrheic of the Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro isolated Kouri of grounds of patient with illness sharp diarrheic, in front of 23 antimicrobianos using the method of Bauer-kirby with the purpose of knowing in our country the susceptibility antimicrobiana of these microorganisms. The study of the susceptibility antimicrobiana showed high percentages of resistance of Aeromonas spp. in front of the cefazolina, cafalotina and cefalexina, most of the stumps of Vibrio cholerae no-01 and Plesiomonas shigelloides went resistant to the trimetoprim sulfametoxazol and cefazolina, respectively. While, the resistance to the ampicilina was common for the three goods. Strains of Vibrio cholerae were not observed no-01 multirresistentes. The obtained results point out the importance of implementing a continuous and systematic surveillance microbiological of these agents

Comportamiento epidemiológico de la sepsis nosocomial en la Unidad de Recién Nacidos de la Fundación Cardioinfantil / Nosocomial Infections at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Fundación Cardioinfantil in Bogotá

Objetivo. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo que describe las características demográficas, la etiología, los factores asociados, la mortalidad, la sensibilidad y la resistencia de los microorganismos a los antibióticos usados en sepsis nosocomial. Diseño del estudio. Se realizó la recolección de datos desde el 2004 hasta el primer trimestre del 2006. Se definió infección nosocomial probada como la infección diagnosticada después de 72 horas de hospitalización y que recibe manejo antibiótico mayor a 3 días. Resultados. Se revisaron 60 historias clínicas, en las cuales los gérmenes Gram negativos fueron los principales causantes de sepsis nosocomial, tanto intra como extrainstitucional; de ellos la k. pneumoniae fue el germen más frecuentemente encontrado. Conclusiones. Los gérmenes Gram negativos son los microorganismos predominantemente causantes de sepsis nosocomial en la Unidad de Recién Nacidos (URN) de la Fundación Cardioinfantil (FCI).

Objective. To describe the demographic characteristics, etiologic agents, some associated factors and, the resistance pattern of the microorganisms in neonates identified with nosocomial infections at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Fundación Cardioinfantil in Bogotá. Study design. This retrospective study was developed from 2004 to the first trimester of 2006. Nosocomial infection was defined as the infection diagnosed after 72 hours of hospital admission in a neonate who received antimicrobial therapy during more than three days. Results. Sixty clinical medical charts were reviewed. Gram-negative organisms were the most frequent agents (71.2%) causing nosocomial infections acquired within or outside of the institution. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the agent most frequently identified with 65% of resistance to third generation cephalosporin. Conclusion. Gram-negative are the predominant etiologic agents responsible of nosocomial infections in neonates admitted to the Fundación Cardioinfantil.

Isolamento, caracterização e resistência a antimicrobianos de bactérias Gram-negativas aeróbias e anaeróbias facultativas de amostras de solo / Isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria from soil samples

Cerca de 7% da população bacteriana do solo está representado por bactérias Gram-negativas aeróbias/anaeróbias facultativas. Muitas espécies são patogênicas e estão envolvidas em casos de infecções hospitalares. O potencial de patogenicidade dessas bactérias pode ser avaliado através da investigação da sua resistência a antimicrobianos. Além deste propósito, o objetivo do trabalho foi também identificar bacilos gram-negativos (BGN) isolados do solo. Para isso, 18 amostras de solo foram semeadas em caldo de Hajna. A obtenção de colônias isoladas seguiu-se em Mc Conkey ágar e Mueller Hinton ágar com 5% de sangue de carneiro. Foram repicadas 283 colônias com diferentes características morfológicas, em meio de IAL. Na triagem, obteve-se BGN fermentadores e não fermentadores, cuja identificação se fez pela metodologia convencional. Identificou-se 94,35% de enterobactérias e 5,65% BGN não fermentadores. A resistência bacteriana foi mais expressiva aos antibióticos ampicilina, cefalotina, cefoxitina, amoxicilina com ácido clavulânico e tetraciclina, variando entre 49,82% a 87,28%. Todos os isolados bacterianos foram resistentes a pelo menos um antibiótico, o que demonstra considerável potencial patogênico por constituírem um reservatório de resistência. A associação entre solo e resistência antimicrobiana precisa ser mais estudada. Observações e experimentos adicionais possibilitarão conhecer melhor essa relação e os processos que possam contribuir para a emergência de bactérias resistentes.

Aislamiento de la bacteria CDC grupo Nº-1, un "Nuevo" Bacilo Gram negativo asociado con la mordedura de perro / Isolation of the CDC group Nº-1 bacteria, a "New" Gram negative Bacillus associated with dog bite

La bacteria CDC grupo NO-1 es una bacteria asociada a las mordeduras de perros y gatos en individuos sanos. De 1974 a 1998, 22 aislamientos han sido identificados en Estados Unidos por el laboratorio de referencia " Centros para el control y prevención de las enfermedades" conocidos como CDC. La bacteria tiene características similares a Acinectobacter, pero se diferencia por su morfología celular y su superficie de ácidos grasos. Reportamos el caso de un paciente de 16 años de edad que fue mordido por un perro en el miembro inferior izquierdo, desarrollo una celulitis y en el cultivo de la secreción purulenta se identifico la bacteria NO-1, mediante el sistema Remel, ERIC! ( Electronic RapID NF plus) para no fermentadores (RapID NF plus) con el código 000002. El paciente recibió un esquema terapéutico de ampicilina/sulbactam y evolucionó favorablemente. El reporte de este aislamiento es importante debido a que la incidencia de esta bacteria es prácticamente desconocida y está considerada como una zoonosis emergente. Referirla pondrá en alerta a los médicos y a los laboratorios que podrían no reconocerla y pasarla por alto.

The CDC group NO-1 bacterium is a bacterium associated with dog and cat bites in healthy individuals. From 1974 to 1998, 22 isolates have been identified in the United States by the reference laboratory "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" known as CDC. The bacterium has characteristics similar to Acinectobacter, but it is differentiated by its cellular morphology and its fatty acid surface. We report the case of a 16-year-old patient who was bitten by a dog in the lower left limb, developed cellulite and the NO-1 bacteria was identified in the culture of the purulent secretion, using the Remel system, ERIC! (Electronic RapID NF plus) for non-fermenters (RapID NF plus) with the code 000002. The patient received an ampicillin / sulbactam treatment regimen and did well. The report of this isolation is important because the incidence of this bacterium is practically unknown and is considered an emerging zoonosis. Referring her will alert doctors and laboratories that may not recognize her and overlook her.

Listeria monocytogenes en vegetales mínimamente procesados / Listeria monocytogenes in vegetables minimally processed

The demand of vegetables minimally processed (ready-to-use) has increased partly due to the frequent use of the food services, where the salads are always included in the daily menus. The use of new technologies for processing and packaging has made possible to obtain a product ready to serve. Nevertheless the associated risk of the presence of emergent pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes seems to be involved. The aim of this work was to assess the microbiological quality of this kind of food. 120 samples of vegetables minimally processed ready-to-use were analyzed for their content of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total and fecal coliforms and E. coli, and the presence of Shigella spp. Vibrio cholerae and Listeria monocytogenes. The TECRA UNIQUE LISTERIA, the BCM Listeria monocytogenes and the API LISTERIA systems, and the methods of molecular detection AccuProbe and GENE-TRAK were used for isolation and identification. E. coli was detected in approximately 30.3 of the vegetables used in this study. The genus Listeria was evidenced in 25 of the samples; 30 corresponded to L. monocytogenes. Shigella spp and Vibrio cholerae were not isolated. The findings of this study suggest the need of the microbiological control of the vegetables minimally processed ready-to-use to assure their quality and safety.

Comparação das atividades antimicrobianas de meropenem e imipenem/cilastatina: o laboratório necessita testar rotineiramente os dois antimicrobianos? / Comparative antimicrobial activity between meropenem and imipenem/cilastatina: does the clinical laboratory need to test both imipenem and meropenem routinely?

O meropenem e o imipenem representam os ßðlactâmicos com maior espectro e potência antimicrobiana, e são os únicos carbapenêmicos disponíveis para uso clínico no Brasil, nos Estados Unidos e na Europa. O meropenem apresenta atividade in vitro superior contra gramðnegativos, enquanto que o imipenem é discretamente mais ativo contra gramðpositivos. Os objetivos deste estudo são comparar as atividade in vitro destes dois carbapenêmicos e avaliar a necessidade de o laboratório clínico testáðlos em sua rotina. Os resultados da avaliação dos padrões de sensibilidade de 2.144 bacilos gramðnegativos pela técnica de microdiluição em caldo foram analisados. Contra enterobactérias, o meropenem apresentou atividade pelo menos oito vezes maior que o imipenem. Contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa, o meropenem (CIM50 de 1 µg/ml) também apresentou atividade superior à do imipenem (CIM50 de 1 µg/ml para ambos). Somente 2,7 por cento das amostras avaliadas apresentaram resultados discordantes entre os dois carbapenêmicos em termos de categoria de sensibilidade ð isto é, foram sensíveis a um e resistentes ao outro. Quarenta e seis amostras (2,14 por cento) foram sensíveis ao meropenem e resistentes ao imipenem, enquanto que somente 12 amostras (0,55 por centro) apresentaram sensibilidade ao imipenem e resistência ao meropenem. A grande maioria dos resultados discordantes (91,4 por centro) ocorreu entre as amostras de bacilos gramðnegativos nãoðfermentadores da glicose (BGNðNF). Entre as 1.350 enterobactérias testadas houve apenas cinco resultados discordantes (0,37 por cento), enquanto que entre os BGNðNF ocorreram 53 (6,67 por cento). Além disso, em cerca de 80 por cento, as amostras foram sensíveis ao meropenem e resistentes ao imipenem. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que o laboratório de microbiologia pode testar apenas um dos carbapenêmicos contra enterobactérias, considerando para o outro o mesmo resultado. É importante que os resultados dos dois carbapenêmicos sejam colocados no relatório, para que o médico possa escolher aquele que achar mais adequado. Por outro lado, para os BGNðNF, o laboratório deve realizar o teste de sensibilidade com os dois carbapenêmicos separadamente

Microbiological status of live eel and processed fish products for export to Japan.

Live eels and processed fish products from Malaysia are routinely checked for microbial pathogens before export to Japan. The eels and water from the ponds are screened for Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella spp, whereas the processed fish products are tested for microbial contamination (aerobic plate count), coliforms, E. coil and Vibrio cholerae. Results showed that live eels and water samples were negative for Vibrio cholerae but Salmonella spp were isolated occasionally. Various types of processed fish products had counts below 1.0 x 10(5) whilst coliforms, E. coli and Vibrio cholerae were absent. Records available showed that procedures involved in the production and transportation of live eel, preparation and processing of fish products have resulted in relatively safe food products.

Terapia de infecçöes bacilares Gram-negativas graves com aztreonam / Aztreonam therapy for serious Gram-negative bacillary infections

Cinquenta episódios de infecçäo bacilar Gram-negativa inclusive episódios de bacteremia, pneumonia, infecçöes da pele e do tecido conjuntivo, infecçöes do trato urinário e infecçöes abdominais - foram tratados com aztreonam. As infecçöes foram curadas em 88 por cento dos pacientes, inclusive todos os nove pacientes com bacteremia e 15 dos 17 pacientes com pneumonia. Trinta por cento das infecçöes foram causadas por Pseudomonas e todas responderam ao tratamento com aztreonam. A baixa incidência de toxicidade e o alto nível de eficácia tornam viável a adoçäo do aztreonam como agente terapêutico único. Quando foram encontrados organismos Gram-positivos ou anaeróbios ou havia suspeitas de sua presença nas infecçöes, a administraçäo adicional de agentes eficazes contra esses organismos foi necessária para a cura

Numerical taxonomy of vibrio & allied organisms.

Forty four strains of Vibrio, Pasteurella, Yersinia, Aeromonas, Escherichia, Klebsiella and Enterobacter were tested for 44 characters and the overall results scored by the procedure of numerical taxonomy. The strains were clustered by the weighted pair group method with the arithmatic averaging. The V. cholerae 01 and the non-01 V. cholerae being interlinked at a very high level (86% to 97.5%) within a single cluster were considered under the same species. V.cholerae having Classic, E1 Tor and Gindha (Pfeiffer 1896, as per priority) biotypes respectively. The biotypes of V.parahaemolyticus remained clearly delineated from Vibrio and Aeromonas, and, belonged to a new separate genus. The V. parahaemolyticus biotypes were located more adjacent to Yersinia and Pasteurella than the V. cholerae cluster. V.fluvialis 1 appears as a biotype of V.parahaemolyticus, and, not a new species.

Cambios en la microflora oral de los niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda durante la quimioterapia y su correlación con el cuadro hemático y la salud oral / Changes in oral microflora of acute lymphocytic leukemia during chemotherapy and its correlation to haematic features and oral health

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo cuyo objetivo fue observar la microflora bucal (bacilos Gram(-) y Cándida albicans), durante las diferentes fases de tratamiento en treinta y tres niños con LLA y relacionarla con cuadro hemático y estado de la cavidad bucal. la manifestación bucal más importante fue la palidez generalizada, seguida por la gingivitis marginal simple. El porcentaje de bacilos Gram(-) fue de 49.5 por ciento mayor de lo esperado y el de Cándida albicans fue de 16.1 por ciento; menos de lo encontrado en otros reportes. No se encontró diferencia significativa entre el promedio de leucocitos, microflora bucal y estado de la cavidad bucal

Fine structure of Calymmatobacterium granulomatis with particular reference to the surface structure.

Ultrastructural study of C. granulomatis, the causative organism of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale), in human tissue revealed the presence of a complex cell envelope. The cytoplasm of these organisms showed presence of electron dense polar material, in addition to regular bacterial structures like mesosome, ribosomes, and nuclear material. Surface appendages i.e., fimbriae and blebs were studied in detail. Origin of these structures was clearly endogenous to the cell wall. Morphology of fimbrium at the site of its attachment to the cell membrane has been described. A distinct layer of homogenous material of varying density surrounding the organism indicated the possibility of it being a capsule.